FOCL in computer networks

Along with the construction of global communications networks, optical fiber is widely used in the creation of local area networks (LANs).
VIACOM OPTIC, a company engaged in automation and electronic technologies, designs and installs local and backbone Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, FDDI, ATM / SDH networks using optical communication lines. VISCOM OPTIC does this for three reasons. Firstly, it is beneficial. When installing extended network segments, repeaters are not required. Secondly, it is reliable.

 Optical communication lines have a very low noise level, which allows transmitting information with an error coefficient of not more than 10 ** (- 10). Thirdly, it is promising. Fiber-optic communication lines allow you to increase the computing capabilities of the network without replacing cable communications. To do this, you just need to install faster transmitters and receivers. This is important for those users.
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A cable for connecting network segments is inexpensive, but laying it can be the largest cost item for installing a network. The work will require not only cable technicians but also a whole team of builders (plasterers, painters, electricians), which will be expensive, given the increasing cost of manual labor. The main LAN topologies are bus, star, ring. At present, optical fiber is difficult to use in the construction of a common bus, but it is convenient to use it for point-to-point communications used in the star and ring topologies.

The role of actors in the deployment of THD

The State is participating in this ambitious deployment plan with grants of up to several billion euros as well as technical assistance to develop the physical fiber optic network. Likewise, local authorities participate in the France Very High Speed ​​plan through grants and financing.

Private operators are also investing a few billion dollars in the fiber optic deployment plan and are also carrying out part of the installation work.

Deployment in “agreement zones” and in Public Initiative Networks
The THD plan has created two types of distinct deployment areas, the “contracted areas”, connected by private operators, and the Public Initiative Networks, supported by the State and local authorities.
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“Agreed areas”
These are areas in which private operators have expressed their intention to invest. The THD plan provides for the latter to commit to expanding the THD network to FTTH by 2022 . These commitments were made thanks to a tripartite agreement signed by private operators, the State and local authorities. In particular, it allows elected officials to define priority connection zones and to monitor deployments.

“Agreed areas” represent 55% of the population and require, for the deployment of optical fiber, an estimated budget between 6 and 7 billion euros which is not composed of public subsidies. They will provide open private networks shared by all operators.

What are the main advantages of fiber?

Fiber is particularly appreciated for both "technical" and "usage" reasons.

On the technical side , fiber allows much higher data rates than ADSL technology and can transport data over very long distances almost without undergoing signal attenuation. In contrast to copper, the fiber is insensitive to electromagnetic interference, which is a guarantee of quality, and allows symmetrical speeds, which ADSL does not allow.

In terms of uses , the deployment of fiber has serious advantages to assert in order to attract more than one Internet user. On the one hand, it makes ultra-fast access to the Internet possible. The speeds achieved allow for example to download a film in unrivaled time. On the other hand, it offers to several users of the same connected home the possibility of making simultaneous use (surfing the Web, telephoning, watching TV in HD) triple or quadruple play offers without constraint linked to the sharing of speeds . Finally, it opens the way to new and ever more innovative technologies, such as receiving audiovisual streams in 3 dimensions.
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Why is it so expensive to deploy fiber?
The cost of deploying fiber optics in France is the counterpart to that of 4G for telecoms. These two technologies are particularly heavy investment positions for operators who bear the burden. The main reason for this cost is the construction of a network from scratch .

Unable to use the conventional copper network, the deployment of fiber on the national territory up to the connection of the loop among end users represents expensive investments. Both in terms of technology and roads, operators cannot rely on any pre-existing infrastructure.

Although the estimate of the final amount of the invoice varies, ARCEP had quantified "the complete coverage of French territory in FTTH at around 21 billion over 15 years  ", at the end of 2011. An estimate considered "low" among operators, which rather bet on double.

s RFMO Optical Fiber Connection Technician and RFME Optical Fiber Measurement Technician.

This Fiber Optic Technician training is therefore essentially practical and it will allow you to:

• Understand the technical concepts of a fiber optic network
• Know the terminology and basic principles of measurement techniques performed on optical networks (dB, dBm, dB / Km, micro-curvatures, etc.)
• Acquire the knowledge to be able to connect, control, analyze and interpret the results of measurements on fiber optic networks
• Have a working methodology for installers on preparation, connection and control
• Understand the technical differences between an industrial fiber optic network (horizontal) and an FTTH network (vertical)
• Process the measurements by software with Fibercable by generating professional reports

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PREREQUISITES:

Training for all, but knowledge or experience in installing computer or telecom networks is recommended. Environmental concepts

PUBLIC:

The Fiber Optic Technician training is aimed at field technicians, installer, electrical installer, professional retraining, job seeker, manufacturers, Installers, Prescribers and infrastructure managers, Internet service providers, Content and service providers, Local communities.
Anyone involved in a project around the reception of optical fiber at the end of the chain at companies, data centers, individuals, local authorities, etc. in its concrete dimension.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions,

Installation guidelines of optic fiber
Follow the manufacturer's instructions, since nobody knows how to handle the cables as well as the company that manufactured them. The fiber optic cable is often custom-designed for installation and the manufacturer may have specific indications for its installation.

Check the cable length to ensure that the cable being pulled is long enough for the planned cable run. If possible, try to complete the installation of a single run. Before any installation, evaluate the route carefully to determine the installation methods and obstacles that may arise.

Tensile stress

Cable manufacturers install special mechanical resistance elements, in general, aramid yarn (Dupont Kevlar) to absorb tension when the cable is pulled. The fiber optic cable should only be pulled through these resistance elements unless the cable design allows it to be pulled by grips. Any other method could strain the fibers and damage them. 

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Grounding and equipotential bonding

The lead wires must have a properly connected ground connection. Although most fiber optic cables are not conductive, any metal hardware used in fiber optic cabling systems (such as wall terminal boxes, racks, and connection panels) must be grounded. Earth connections must be designed in accordance with the National Electricity Code (NEC) or other applicable codes or standards.   Most telecommunication rooms have a grounding connection bar that has a high-quality grounding structure and connections for devices that require grounding.

Termination and splicing

Termination and splicing processes are discussed in depth in Chapter 7. Terminations and splices in this matter have no other requirements except a dust-free environment with moderate temperatures to work. 

Splice

In general, splices in an external plant are made in a trailer or special truck. Inside the truck is a heated splice laboratory, with adequate space to work with cables and splice closures. Sometimes it is necessary to perform splices outdoors, in a tent or even on a trailer with a crane. The installer must be able to deal with the conditions he faces in the installation. In extremely cold conditions, a heating system is probably needed, as the cables become rigid and the equipment is difficult to operate.     In hot climates, the process may be easier but it is equally uncomfortable for the installer.

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The installation of fiber optic cables

Electrical hazards: The installation of fiber optic cables normally does not involve any electrical risk, unless the cable includes conductors. However, fiber optic cables are usually installed near electrical cables and conductors. When you are near these cables, there is always a potential danger of electric shock. Be careful! If you are not familiar with electrical safety, we recommend taking a
course in the National Electricity Code (NEC), and safe practices for installers! 



Safety standards in the installation of fiber optic

All this is very important, so important that you have to have some standards for the workplace for
all fiber optic technicians, who can avoid accidents there:



·      Work on a black surface to help find the remains of fiber.

·      Wear disposable aprons to minimize the number of fiber particles in your clothes. The

particles in the clothing can then be transferred to food, drink and / or ingested in another way.

·      Always wear safety glasses with side shields and protective gloves. Fiber optic chips should

be treated the same way you would treat glass fibers.

·      Never look directly inside the fiber cables until you are sure that there is no light source

at the other end. Use an optical power meter to make sure the fiber is dark fiber. When using an

optical locator or continuity checker, view the fiber from an angle at least 15.24 centimeters away

from the eye to determine if there is visible light. 

·      Only work in well-ventilated areas.

·      Those who wear contact lenses should not manipulate their lenses until they have washed their

hands carefully.

·      Do not touch your eyes when working with fiber optic systems until hands have been carefully

washed.

·      All combustible materials should be kept away from electrical devices, including splicers,

verifiers and affordable furnaces.

·      All pieces of cut fibers should be placed in a container properly labeled as waste.

·      Thoroughly clean the entire work area once it is finished.

·      No smoking while working with fiber optic systems.

·      All meals and drinks outside the work area should be kept. If the fiber particles are

ingested, they can cause internal bleeding.

Also Read: Fiber technician salary

What kind of training is necessary to succeed

Get more training

What kind of training is necessary to succeed as a fiber optic contractor or installer and where can it be obtained? There are many options to get more training, but the first thing you should do is decide what your needs are, what training you should include and who can provide it. As a general rule, all training on fiber optics that is intended for installers must include sufficient practical activities with the relevant equipment, tools and components, so that the student develops the necessary skills for such activity.

Fiber optic technicians with some experience can usually learn how to install many of the new types of components or how to operate new equipment without help. On the website of the FOA and many manufacturers there are tutorials on many of the installation topics, as well as the FOA tutorials on “virtual practices” (VHO) with step-by-step guides. Most manufacturers have good instructions and many times online tutorials to help. If you have the right tools and information about the applications, a smart technician should be able to learn new processes in a short time.

Sometimes it is better to take a course. Many FOA-approved institutes offer advanced or special courses in termination, splicing, testing, fiber to the home, etc., which offer several days of intensive training, to prepare tools, equipment and supplies, as well as instructors who are familiar with the processes they teach Manufacturers also offer training for certain products, but one should try to obtain training from application engineers, not from sales staff, who do not have the necessary knowledge to properly train installers. 

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Fiber optic network installation

Objectives: In this chapter, you will learn:

What is the installation of a fiber optic?

The role of the contractor and the installer.

The preparation for the installation.

What is the installation process?

How to verify the quality of the installation.

Safety in fiber optic installations.

Installation Preparation


Once the design process of the fiber-optic network is finished, the next step is to install it. What do we mean by the "installation process"? Assuming that the design is finished, we are facing the process of physically installing the network and completing it, turning the design into an operating system. This chapter includes preparation for installation, training and safety requirements, and then the actual installation process. 

The role of the contractor in the installation

To start working on a fiber optic installation, the owner or user of the network must choose a contractor. This is perhaps the most important decision of the whole process. The contractor must be able to work with the client on each installation project during six stages: design, installation, testing, troubleshooting, documentation, and restoration. The contractor must have experience in the installation of fiber optic of the type in a question and must give references of similar works.

One should be able to rely on the contractor not only to perform the installation but also to assist him in the design of the network and to help him choose the components and suppliers. Once the task has been assigned to the contractor, the contractor should be able to help the client with the design, which includes choosing the right types of fibers, cables, connectors and the hardware for the installation. The contractor should know which components meet industry standards to ensure interoperability and which state-of-the-art components will facilitate future expansion capacity. 

An experienced contractor can also help in the choice of suppliers. The experience with certain types of products in particular and with suppliers will allow the contractor to help the client to choose products that will make installation faster and easier, and often products that will obtain superior and more reliable performance. If the client chooses components to which the contractor is not accustomed, it is important that the contractor knows it at an early stage of the process in order to obtain the necessary training, usually from the manufacturer, as well as those necessary special tools.
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Contact with local authorities

In the case of facilities in an external plant that are carried out in public spaces, it may be necessary for local authorities to send supervisory personnel, police forces or transit agents. For this reason, they must also be involved in the organization.

If project inspections are required, they should be coordinated in a way that minimizes work interruptions. Personnel in charge of supervision are responsible for safety in the workplace so they must have appropriate contact information, including public services such as police, fire and ambulance service.

Daily meetings are recommended in the case of projects lasting several days to review the progress of each day. At these meetings, at least the construction site supervisor and a network user representative in charge of the project must be present.

While everything is in order, these meetings should not be very extensive. In the case of larger projects, workplaces must be guarded by night security personnel, who must have the contact information of the public services and the project manager, who will be available at all times, from Monday to Sundays.

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